Black Swan Essay

Speech problems are serious hardship for children as they have to cope not only with medical aspects of the problem, but also with social exclusion and mockery. David Mitchell in his book tends to recreate the childhood from the child’s viewpoint, to transmit feelings, emotions, doubts and anxieties of children. Moreover, the author decided to show the life and hardships of a boy suffering from stammer. Children always feel embarrassed when they stammer as they think they may be mocked at. The world of children with speech problem is delicate and fragile; therefore, they are vulnerable to more stresses and anxieties. They are less confident and more reserved. That is what the author is willing to show in his book. Jason Taylor, the main character, is a common teenager who was born in a village in Worcestershire in the year of 1982. Though he is unremarkable in appearance, he is aspiring poet. He is highly gifted child with rich inner world. Jason tells the story about his school days, about problems with parents and his elder sister who irritates him constantly. However, Jason has speech problem – he has a stammer and this fact makes him feel embarrassed and unconfident. Like all children Jason has secrets from his parents and school friends. He hides the fact that he is a poet and his poetry is written under the name of Eliot Bolivar. (Mitchell 2006) The author starts his novel from explaining and examining the social status of childhood. The first chapters are devoted to analyzing why some children are called by their first names, some children – by â€Å"sort of respectful nicknames like ‘Yardy’†, wheras others by their surnames and some by ‘piss-take nicknames like Moran Moron or Nicholas Briar who’s Knickerless Bra. . It’s all ranks, being a boy, like the army†. Mitchell shows that children are other people in the world. The book is an interesting and exciting story of a 13-year boy whose parents divorce. The author provides detailed overview of his anxieties, thoughts and reflections. Actually, the author details on the first year of his life after the divorce. It is discovered the Jason’s father has another woman. As for me, the most impressive part of the book is when Mitchell writes about Jason’s stammer stressing that this speech impediment causes lots of problems for young boy as he has to â€Å"think one sentence ahead, and if you see a stammer-word coming up, alter your sentence so you won’t need to use it†. Jason is a very sensitive and vulnerable personality and he is afraid of being labeled as â€Å"Stutterboy†. He hides his stammer and fears that his school friends and teachers would become aware of his speech problems. The author impressively conveys Jason’s inner anxieties and feelings to the readers. The book is poignant as the author is struggling to keep the tension and intrigue at the desires level. (Mitchell 2006) I think that the book is a mix of genres as the author refers to social realism when showing that children with speech problems may suffer from social exclusion, and romanticism when conveying Jason’s inner struggle. Mitchell vividly depicts Jason’s family life. Mitchell shows his best qualifications of a caricaturist. He has a better ear for the smarmy and the self-important, like Jason’s father, than for the more softly spoken. For example, he claims at the dinner table: â€Å"The principle, o daughter of mine, is a universal constant. If you don’t keep records, you can’t make progress assessments. True for retailers, true for educators, true for the military, true for any systems operator. One bright day in your brilliant career †¦ you’ll learn this the hard way and think, if only I’d listened to my dear wise father. How right he was†. Actually, Jason gets the best lines in the novel. The author chooses the child character to show the different consciousness, different attitudes and perception of the problems and anxieties. Mitchell defines childhood as inevitably the age of false notes and brashness. He outlines that children shouldn’t be allowed too much knowingness. Jason is well-educated and quick-witted boy and his perception of the world is rather fresh and original. For example, Jason thinks: â€Å"Woods don’t bother with fences or borders. Woods are†¦ fences and borders. The world won’t leave things be. It’s always injecting endings into beginnings. The crows parascended up and off†. (Mitchell 2006) Jason is also very observant and shrewd. When he sees that his father meets his brother-in-law, he mentions: â€Å"Each was wearing the jersey the other’d given him for Christmas†. In such a way the author restore the slang of Black Swan’s school children. (Mitchell 2006) I like the way Jason depicts love and affection, when a girl attracts him, he says: â€Å"Magnets don’t need to understand magnetism. Listening to houses breathe makes you weightless†, etc. But the striking sentences and snatches of dialogue are too often waylaid by cutesy apercus – â€Å"The earth’s a door if you press your ear against it† – and the narrator’s wish to be too cunningly callow. (Mitchell 2006) Speaking about what I have learnt from the book, firstly, I want to say that the book has made me more aware about the world children with speech problems live in. I am really impressed by Taylor’s pretence to see beyond his childhood. I think that boy is too clever and intelligent for his age, though he shouldn’t hurry to become old. The book is very informative as it reveals the reality of life: children wit stammer may undergo mockery and social exclusion. A child may be excellent student and talented personality, though children would laugh at his speech impediment. The author teaches us to be more tolerate and to think and only then to act. Moreover, I see psychological changes occurring with children after parents have divorced. I found out that children became more reserved and failed to display their true feelings and emotions. And I think that Jason’s stammer is apparent consequence of parent’s divorce. (Mitchell 2006) David Mitchell wants, in my opinion, to do a very ambitious thing in this novel, which is to write a book about a young adolescent – and the young adolescent as natural poet – as though it was written by a young adolescent, but he hasn’t quite found the voice for it. A young adolescent finding his voice by experimenting with other voices is a useful device for a novelist. But a young adolescent is even more promising for contemporary fiction because he is someone who doesn’t want to be too accessible or too unpopular. Mitchell’s fans should see this as a transitional novel in what is already an intriguing career. The book is filled with Jason’s insights and revelations. The adult world is obsessed with fame and erotic life, and, therefore, Mitchell’s book is of great importance as it teaches people to be more patient and tolerate towards children with speech and health problems. The book is very impressive and it remains nobody indifferent. Mitchell shows that children are strongly affected psychologically when parents decided to divorce. Mitchell’s book covers all these problems stressing that children psychologically suffer from parental split up and their speech problems may become more severe. The book is surely the ambitious study of adolescence. (Mitchell 2006) The book is relevant to the course â€Å"Communication Science† as the auhtor discusses speech probems of Jason Taylor, in particular, stammer and its psychological affect on child’s behavior. Mitchell shows that speech problems make children feel shy and self-conscious. Ccommunication is playing nowadays one of the most important roles in society because it is the core source of mutual understanding among people. Communication is the greatest luxury given to people. Works Cited Mitchell, David. Black Swan: A Novel. Random House, 2006.

German social life between 1933 and 1939 Essay

Using all Sources and your own knowledge, assess the view that the Nazis successfully managed to control all aspects of German social life between 1933 and 1939 [70] The Nazis tried to control all aspects of German social life so that they would support the Nazi party thus giving them more power. This meant they wanted to control who the followers spoke to and who they were friends with. They did this with many different techniques; the main one being propaganda. The Nazis used propaganda to control the beliefs of the German people. The used many different ways to control aspects of a person’s social life to gain popularity and power. These included: radio, music, literature, art, film and festivals. Most of these are aspects of a German’s social life. They also tried to control who the German’s interacted with and who they had relationships with. For example they would portray Jews as ‘bad’ people to stop others from socialising with them, thus pushing them out of society. They did this by showing the Jews as evil and influential to others on posters and other propaganda documents. But some people were not influenced by these techniques and if they didn’t up rise against the Nazi takeover, they just carried with their lives as usual. This is shown in Hitler Youth organisations, many of the children who joined didn’t actually ‘love’ the Furher like they were meant to and did not hope to serve the country; they joined purely because they wanted to have fun and join in with activities they couldn’t do at school. However, once they had joined most of them were indoctrinated and sucked into the Nazi lifestyle. The Nazis knew that a majority of Germans listen to the radio and so gained control over it. In 1934 regional radio stations were removed from the control of the lander and the Reich Radio Company took over. This meant that any music or anything that was played on the radio had been accepted by the Nazis and so was probably Nazi-related. For example the radio was used to transmit Hitler speeches to everyone across the country. This is shown in source B where a journalist reports on the response of Germans to a Hitler speech in a Berlin cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. This implies that important things like this were played in local places so that everyone could hear. This is an aspect of a German’s social life because they used cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s to socialise with people. The Nazis managed to control this by installing radios and loudspeakers so things such as the speech could be heard. This was successful because Hitler was a very good public speaker and managed to win over masses of supporters with his inspirational talks. In spite of this, source B suggests that this was not very successful. ‘No one else in the crowded cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ listened to Adolf Hitler’. This shows that although Hitler was an extremely good speaker, some people did not react to this and so this part of their social life remained uncontrolled. Moreover, to gain control over the German people, the Nazis tried to get through their sub-consciousness. This meant using propaganda through things such as music and film. These were things that the Germans would watch or listen to and take in whatever information that was played, but this was done sub-consciously, as they were not aware of the information they were actually taking in. Source D shows this ‘National Socialist doctrine’ was in ‘every painting, film, stamp†¦, public building†¦, toys†¦, people’s houses, in tales and costumes†¦, songs†¦, poems†¦, in schools’ and ‘even in household goods.’ This source shows that this propaganda was literally everywhere , people could not get away from it. Therefore because it was everywhere the Germans would have sub-consciously taken in all of these things, and started to believe and support the Nazis. Source D also suggests how successfully they did this ‘ everyone played a part. Discipline, obedience, self-sacrifice, loyalty, duty†¦ The penetration of Nazi culture into every sphere of social life never ceased.’ This suggests that this technique worked; everyone was ‘indoctrinated’ by the Nazis and supported them. They did whatever they could for their country and Furher. However this source could be questioned as it was written in 1992, therefore the author: P. Adam, was not there at the time and the information he may have gathered may be false. In contrast to this as it is a book purely on the Nazis: ‘The Arts of the Third Reich’ the author would’ve researched for the book a lot. He would have made sure that all information was from a reliable source and that it was a true as possible. Both source B and D speak about the response to the Nazi propaganda. Yet, they contradict each other; source B talks about how the public showed no response to the speech that was being played in the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Whereas source D says that the Nazis successfully managed to win over everybody, and these people sacrificed everything for them and their country. Another part of a German’s social life the Nazis took over was a child’s education. Source D talks about how ‘National Socialist doctrine’ was in ‘the songs and poems taught in schools,’ this shows how the Nazis tried to indoctrinate children while they were young. When they are young they are more vulnerable and more influential. This means the Nazis have more chance of making the children support them. This was successful because most children, when they finished school, were true Nazis. The boys became soldiers for their country and were willing to die for it. The girls became the perfect housewives and mothers. Nonetheless most of the children joined groups like the Hitler Youth because they thought it was fun; they could do activities that they wouldn’t usually do at school. This is another example of the Nazis controlling another aspect of a German’s social life. However, the real question is whether this actually impacted on the German population. Source C shows it did; as it shows in the provenance that ‘99% of the 48 million votes cast in Germany and Austria voted in favour’ of the union of Germany with Austria. This shows that the Nazis had successfully completed the task of making people follow them; almost the whole population. However, many of these votes may have just voted for to follow the rest of the country. Moreover, the voters may have felt pressurised into voting which is also shown in Source C. The poster shows a lot of soldiers in uniform saluting. This would make people feel intimidated because of the power the soldiers have over them; if instructed, they have the authority to take away anybody’s life. People may feel pressurised into following them, just to keep peace with the Nazis and just because everyone else is. This shows that although the Nazis were successful in controlling German social life, they were unsuccessful in gaining true followers. In contrast to Source C, Source B speaks how ‘No one else in the cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ listened to Adolf Hitler’ when his speech was played on a loud speaker. This shows the Nazis successfully controlling this part of the population’s social life. But it also suggests that some of the public were not swayed but this, and they just chose to go on with their lives a usual, and ignoring the changes around them. In conclusion, Nazis did control almost all aspects of a German’s social life. They did this to gain popularity and more followers. Through controlling a German’s social life they were able to indoctrinate them, with the thought that the Nazi party was the best for the country, and to make them become a follower of them. Furthermore, the more fans they gained the more of the German population would follow their example. Overall the Nazis were successful in controlling all aspects of a German’s social life, which is shown in source D. In which a modern historian describes how ‘National Socialist doctrine’ was in literally every part of German social life. Although this shows they were successful in controlling the social life, it does not show whether this domination actually swayed the public into following the Nazis.

Quantitative Research Methods Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Quantitative Methods Project - Research Paper Example eople are influenced by peers and similar or highly-regarded others in their environment wishing to conform to their expectations and attempting to fit in to their surrounding social milieu. Taking the theory of social influences to its logical conclusion, social influences also argues that we are indoctrinated through enculturation to perceive aspects in certain manner (Nisbett & Ross, 1980). Heuristics or schemas are created through which we automatically categorize facets of our environment such as objects, personality traits, self, social roles, and social groups in a subjective manner, consequently driving our response. This is known as a cognitive model of perception. Priming, on the other hand, (although not necessarily contradictory, merely different; the two could actually be synthesized) argues that different stimuli instigate memory/ mental node thus evoking a behavioral or judgmental repose. The theory has been characterized as a network of interconnected nodes that when a particular target (for instance word or human) is perceived, the node or group of nodes representing that concept are activated, and flooding spreads to closely associated nodes (Maxfield, 1997). The perceiver’s response is quickly and involuntarily activated and little if anything can be done to impede response. The general framework is cognitive, namely the belief that enculturation has seeded particular heuristics that instigate negative stereotyping. In fact, however, affect has been shown to have as strong if not stronger effect on attitude (Esses, Haddock, & Zanna, 1993). Can these results carry over to prejudice? Which is stronger in determining negative stereotyping: priming or social influence? This is what this study intends to investigate. Deliverable 2: Write a critical analysis of the structure of one of the two theories you selected above, decomposing the theory into its component parts; focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the theory in terms of its promise

Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Others - Essay Example Fortis healthcare Ltd. merged with Fortis healthcare international so as to consolidate both their local overseas operations, and in the end increase their combined revenue significantly. Milk has been differentiated to satisfy different market segments, for instance, milk is packaged in different sizes of packets e.g. 250 ml and 1litre packets. Those who cannot afford to purchase the 1litre packets can opt to purchase the 250 ml ones. Marketing mix incorporates price, place, promotion and product level (Nelson & Paul 93). The 250 ml packet can be promoted by posters around institutions where the target consumers include the students and some of the College staff. The price should be pocket-friendly since students may lack the purchasing power of the more expensive products. For Smartphone, one first identifies the need for him to purchase a Smartphone; secondly he gathers information about the Smartphone. Thirdly he evaluates the information he has gathered and finally makes a decision on whether to purchase or wait for some

The Evolution of Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolution of Technology - Essay Example In the early 1990’s Internet has revolutionized the world. Communication is being made at the speed of light. E-commerce is the result of the Internet. Instead of outdoor shopping, many people are purchasing goods through the Internet. Human beings are different from another animal, that’s why they are called as social animals. This is because they can think and most importantly can communicate easily with each other. To reduce the gap between geographical areas and the curiousness of man to know what’s on the side has made him invent different things.Thousands of years ago they started communicating with each other. In 3500BC alphabets were invented in the written form. This helped in the introduction of postal service. This way communication between different parties was made. But for long distances it became difficult.The Chinese invented paper and the book came by 100AD. Slowly all the writings were entered into the books. Books were best for storing informat ion for a long time without causing much damage. Newspapers were introduced into the Europe by 1450AD. Newspapers were the best way to know about the issues happening nationwide. Joseph Henry invented the first telegraph in 1831. With the help of telegraph, information was passed much quicker compared to others in those times. The biggest invention of the 19th century was the telephone. Nowadays we can’t imagine the world without a telephone. Slowly one after the other motion picture, the radio, television, computers, etc., were invented.... With the help of telephone communication between people became much faster. Nowadays we can't imagine the world without a telephone. Slowly one after the other motion picture, radio, television, computers, etc., were invented.In early centuries transportation was carried out with the help of bullock carts, horses and other means. For short distances they were effective but were not that much of help for long distances. Slowly as the centuries gone by many different transport systems were invented and introduced into the market. Ships, trains and automobiles revolutionised the transport system. Long distance travelling was made safer and much better than the earlier ones. Ships and trains were not only used for transporting passengers but also used for transporting large cargo. These transporting systems were very much comfortable to the passengers. Biggest achievement during industrial revolution was the introduction of trains. Railroads played major role for the success. Many railroads were laid across different countries. With invention of steam engine trains were travelling at much higher speeds. Long distances were covered in short periods. Nowadays bullet trains were introduced. They travel at a speed of more than 400 km/h. Here space was covered at fast pace. We could say that time and space was collapsing. One of the biggest inventions of 20th century was the aeroplane. The Wright brothers were the first to invent it. Slowly after making many modifications it was used for transportation. To be airborne an aeroplane has to travel at a speed of more than 90 km/h. Now jumbo jets are used for transporting people. A single jumbo jet can transport more than 300 passengers. And these can move more than 1000 km/h. Concorde can

Effects of a Major Intervention on Retained Third Grade Students Essay

Effects of a Major Intervention on Retained Third Grade Students Success or Failure - Essay Example Does this lawmandatory retention hurt or benefit struggling readers This paper begins to explore that particular kind of retention coupled with a major intervention i.e. Third Grade Model Classroom will have a long term positive effect on student achievement. Retention has become a familiar word with major consequences for students who have encountered academic deficiencies. It has been ongoing since the 1970s, and is the education sector's response to academic deficiencies. For most students, the experience of repeating a grade or level, even if it means failure to comply with the requirements of only one subject, is a dreadful experience. However, the unnerving experience is not only the burden of the student, but of the family as well. Not only does retention imply a student's academic inaptitude, it also reflects on his / her family's lack of academic support and assistance for the child. Retention, therefore, is deemed as a consequence, if not a punishment, for its grave academic and socio-economic consequences. However, it is not new. Retention has been in place for decades.The idea of retention instills fear to student, and fear, undoubtedly, is powerful. Perhaps, this is why the education sector has deemed it effective and thus, the system has been going on for decades. It became reached its pinnacle of debate a strongly discussed topic across the country when in 1996, the Chicago Public School district implemented the end of social promotion, where students are allowed to pass from grade to grade, despite not being able to meet the required academic standards. The word "social" is important to note as it implies that the reasons for such promotions are often done for social and psychological well-being of the student (U.S Department of Education, 1999) - and this is in consideration of the fear that retention, the other option, imposes. . Since 2002, the state of Florida, along with other states, has ended social promotion for third grade students who have garnered a below proficiency rating in Reading (see appendix A). To dateAs of Janurary 2006, thousands of third graders have been retained, spending another school year in the third grade instead of being allowed to the next level. On the contrary, there is a substantial body

Check the attachment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Check the attachment - Assignment Example The aim of this paper is to analyze colour combination or application techniques based on three images (Foo Fighters Wasting Light Album cover, SMH Fletcher Jones advertisement and Interior). Considering the given images, several techniques of colour combination or scheme are evident. The first picture (Foo Fighters) indicates an extensive use of analogous-complementary colour scheme. This combination technique combines colours that are primarily comparable in hue by adding a small fraction of contrasting colour (Feisner, 2000). In the said image â€Å"Foo Fighters†, colours that are primarily comparable in hue are red-purple-green. These complementary colours contrast and due to their full saturation on the image, they create a vibrant look (Nita, 2008). According to Livingstone (2002), this design can be enhanced by initiating a warm brogue color flanking a cool corresponding colour. Alternatively, a cool accent color can be merged with a warm colour. This analogy is evident in the image where the accent colours harmonize the designs (Ryan and Conover, 2004). The second image (SMH Fletcher Jones advertisement) is an example of a monochromatic colour combination technique. This technique is characterized by one single color or varying intensities of a particular color such as taupe and light taupe (Albers, 1963). Compared with other colour combination techniques, the effect of this technique on the given image is extremely quieting. This effect is apparent because of the dark background featured on the image. Despite this evaluation, this technique is considered by many as the easiest (Delamare and Guineau, 2000). However, for advertising purposes this technique is not recommended because it hardly catches the attention of people. It can find meaningful application in movie theatres. The third picture (Interior) is characterized by use of hue-similarity combination technique. In this image, the

Security assignment IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Security assignment IT - Essay Example information should retain its integrity both with time as well as user at that particular instance of time. Exposure to corruption, un-monitored changes and destructions disrupt the information to a corrupted or unauthentic state. Information can be corrupted while compilation or storage but in most of the cases it happens while transmission. Availability of information is that it is available for all the users at all the times, so that it can be reached by everyone and is received in an integral form. It also takes into context the positive as well as negative users of the information. This characteristic of information makes the information usability possible only for the purposes known to the data owner. Information is not protected from observation, it can be seen by everyone but it is usable only in the ways known to the author. Information systems have a basic characteristic of identification of the information requester. A system has this characteristic when it can identify the individual user while user sends the request for the information. When the process of identification and authentication is completed, it is checked that the requesting user has the authorization to the requested context and has been provided the authorization permissions from the proper authority. As if information is not confidential, a lot of important business decisions can leak from the strategic departments of the organization, which gives an organization’s strategic information to the competition, which is hazardous to any organization for its financial as well as strategic pursuits. Privacy, authentication and authorization are to make sure the integrity, availability and security of the system. In the lack of these characteristics, information is just a collection of content, which no one knows how to access and anyone can access it without any permissions taken from the owner of the

Behavioural and Cognitive Counselling Theory Essay

Behavioural and Cognitive Counselling Theory - Essay Example He developed his approach because he did not agree with the widely popular psychoanalytic approach to therapy (NACBT, 2008). Before the 18th century studies and conceptualizations in mental and psychiatric health was still interpreted in terms of the supernatural and the moral notions of human ills (McGuire, n.d). The Rationalist theory, introduced in the 18th century, was later able to establish patterns of thinking; conceptualizations of the social contrast; and other concepts of criminal behaviour, motivation, and morality. Other more scientific rationalizations soon followed. Cognitive psychology was very much rooted in the rationalist theory through Wudt and his colleagues’ studies on sensation and perception (McGuire, n.d). In this instance, the understanding of psychology was very much a cognitive one – later to be known as structuralism because it focused on sensory and perceptual events related to it (McGuire, n.d). More introspections and innovations among psychologists led to behaviourism. Behaviourism was founded through the writings of John Watson who collected data on behaviour itself and how the organism acted. According to Watson, it is not enough to observe the mind (McGuire, n.d). It is important however to see human behaviour as a result of learning and he points out the teachings and the lessons learned by Ivan Pavlov in his experimentations. More studies on the infra-human species and the concepts of stimulus, response reinforcement, and extinction were also developed. This saw the introduction of BF Skinner’s work on operant conditioning (McGuire, n.d). The introduction of the behaviourist patterns of therapy did not stop the work of the cognitive therapists. Moreover, their work also focused on memory, perception, and related areas. Their analysis was not in any way related to behaviourists; and their research progressed well in relation to children. Jean

Oppositional Defiant Disorder Essay Example for Free

Oppositional Defiant Disorder Essay Children are normally difficult to deal with and could be very challenging sometimes. They usually have mood swings and tantrums that are sometimes hard to control and deal with. On the other hand if the child or an individual is observed with relentless pattern of tantrums, arguing and have disruptive behaviors to their parents or other people then there is a possibility that the person have oppositional defiant disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a kind of disorder that is being characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior towards authority figures such as parents and teachers and the elders and it usually occurs and happens for at least 6 months. Teenagers and children with ODD shows a consistent symptom pattern of refusing commands, orders or request coming from adults and they may manifest great annoyance, irritability and stubbornness to people that are older to them. ODD is usually normal in early childhood and adolescence stage (Sadock, Kaplan, Sadock, 2007). Symptoms Having a defiant behavior is usually common among children most especially if they are in the transition of 2 to 3 years or when they reach the teenage years. At this age children normally act with defiance so that they can affirm themselves and check their limits. There are a lot of symptoms that may indicate that a child or a teenager has ODD. Symptoms of ODD are: if an individual always loses his or her temper, often argues with adults, deliberately annoys people, blames other people for his or her mistakes, misbehavior, often annoyed or angry, academic problems, often spiteful and defies obeying with adults’ rules and requests. It is an oppositional defiant disorder if four or more symptoms are present in a person’s behavior and lasts for at least six months (Sadock, Sadock Levin, 2007). Furthermore, children with ODD are usually moody and they get easily frustrated with things and they can also have a very low self-esteem. There is also a possibility that they will abuse the use of drugs, other substances and alcohol (Webmd, 2008). Etiology There is still no clear cause behind the oppositional defiant disorder. The etiology of ODD is believed to come from different factors such as environmental and genetic or combined. A child who has ODD is more likely to have a history in his or her family of some behavior disorders, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, and mood disorders. In addition, if the parents of the child are alcoholic or have problems with the behavior such as being always into trouble the child can adapt the behavior and may develop into having ODD later on (Tynan, 2008). Diagnosis/ Assessment It is difficult to determine and diagnose different kinds of mental health conditions in a person because some of the symptoms of a certain disorder may also be present in another mental disorder. Furthermore, it makes also difficult to diagnose a child whether he or she has ODD because it is normal for children to have the different behaviors that ODD characterized. In diagnosing ODD, there are no medical tests such as blood test that can determine whether a child or a teenager has ODD or another type of disorder. Some disorders such as ADHD, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder and other mood or behavioral disorders can overlap the signs and symptoms of ODD, therefore it is very important to have a thorough check up and observation to see and diagnose a child suspected with ODD (Rapoport Ismond). Moreover, in diagnosing ODD different types of medical tests may be given to the person to be bale to rule out physical illness or medication side effects like X-rays and blood tests. Only mental health professionals like the psychiatrist or psychologist can determine different kinds of mental illnesses such as ODD in an individual. By looking at the child’s family and health history experts will be able to find it easier to diagnose a child with ODD (Chandler, 2008). Prevalence Oppositional defiant disorder is said to be more common in boys rather than in girls and in children or adolescents. This disorder can usually be seen and observed when a child reaches the age of 8. It is said in some research that there are about 2 to 16% of the US population both male and female have ODD and about 25 % of the population with ODD develops conduct disorder and about 10% of the population have antisocial personality disorder and mostly are already adults (Videbeck, 2007). ODD is more prevalent in males than females before they reach the puberty stage. However after they reach the puberty stage or adolescence, the ratio of both genders already become equal due to the reason that females tend to be involved with antisocial males as partners (Corcoran Walsh, 2006). Risk Factors Oppositional defiant disorder usually comes with other behavior disorders or mental disorders. There are about 50% to 65% of children with ODD usually have attention deficit disorder (ADD) or Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ome form of affective disorder may also be present among 35% of children with ODD, 20% with mood disorders like anxiety disorder or bipolar disorder and 15% develop some personality disorder (Kane, 2008). Other risk factors that may be present to children with ODD are; being abused or neglected, lack of supervision from parents, poor relationship with one or both parents and other family members, family instability such as incident of divorce, financial problems in the family, exposure to violence and abusing substance like drugs and alcohol (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007). Treatment Psychotherapy There are many options for treating oppositional defiant disorder in an individual. Different treatments depends on the age and the severity of the condition and its symptoms and the person should be willing or aware so that he or she will be able to participate and cooperate well in the treatment process of ODD though it is usually complicated and difficult especially if the individual is a child. First and common treatment being used with patient with ODD is psychotherapy. In psychotherapy the process is juts like counseling. The goal of this kind of treatment is to help and assist the child in developing ways on controlling his or her anger and other defiant behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy is another way of therapy that can help a child or a person with ODD. It is a kind of technique or approach that intends to influence bad behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented process. This kind of therapy has been proven to be effective on most mood disorders, behavioral disorders, personality disorders and other mental diseases. In addition, family therapy can also serve as a great help for treating ODD. This can help family interactions and communications not only to the child with ODD and parent but to rest of the members of the family as well. There is also a new therapy that has been introduced that can help treating ODD and it is called parent management training (PMT). This approach teaches the parents different techniques to positively modify or change their children’s behavior (Webmd, 2008). Medications Medications or drugs can also help in the process of treating oppositional defiant disorder in a child. There was a study made to see whether a certain drug called Ritalin can be effective in treating children with ODD. The research’s result found out that there were about 90% of children with ODD who were treated by Ritalin do not have ODD anymore when they finish the study. Another drug called Strattera did also help and got treated for some children with oppositional defiant disorder. Mood stabilizers can also help in the process of treating ODD using medications to be bale to control the behavior of the person with ODD. Lastly, other alternative treatments but has not been proven by studies that is suspected to help in the treatment of ODD. It is said that Omega-3 oils and Vitamin E helps lessen the behavioral problem of a child with oppositional defiant disorder (Kane, 2008). Prognosis Treating oppositional defiant disorder usually takes time to treat. It requires long term commitment to the person and most especially to the parents. If the individual did not receive proper treatment there will be a higher risk that the child will develop a conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2007). Prevention Good parenting can prevent the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder. It is very important that parents should treat their children fairly and should be consistent with their rules and consequences inside the home. Proper communication is also needed between children and parents to avoid such problem to occur. Abusing and neglecting children should be also avoided; hence it is one factor that triggers ODD to occur in an individual. If parents can already observe different or unusual behavior in their children they should ask for help or seek advice to experts to know if there is something wrong with their children. If ODD is detected earlier then it will be easier also to treat and the person will no longer have to suffer and experience this kind of disorder that can disrupt their lives (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, becoming aware and knowing all the information that lies ahead in oppositional defiant disorder is very important. One should be attentive most especially the parents of all the necessary repercussions that it can bring to a person particularly children and adolescence to be able to stop the increasing number of ODD and so that children and other people will be able to live normally and function well in the society.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Uses and Properties

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Uses and Properties CFRP: carbon fiber reinforced polymer Urvish Gajjar In the end of 1800s first time Edison used the carbon fiber in the electricity bulb. CFRP- carbon fiber reinforced polymer is a one type of the carbon fiber. Edison used the fiber into the filament of bulb but he was unsuccessful because his fiber produced by carbonization of cellulose stand such as cotton or from bamboo. Because of the not specific design and not specified properties his fiber was failed. Then after that time the research was start on fiber and in the middle of the 19th century carbon fiber used in insulation or in high temperature furnaces and in the industries like chemical plants and mechanical plant where we need some strength material. Before end of 19th century the increment shows in the carbon fiber field when the manufacturing process developed very well and allows for high modulus and high powerful fiber the reinforced process apply to the fiber and then they find the new type of carbon fiber which is CFRP. In Japan, first time work done in the CFRP field by 3 scientist of Japanese bureau of industrial technology. They were using poly acrylonitrile – PAN in the base material to manufacture carbon fiber this fiber had a high degree of molecular orientation. Then from that days the improvement is in process and now a days we can use PAN is major material in common use. The high stiffness and strength properties and low mass of CFRP have lead to more use in the aircraft and other industries. In 1977 CFRP use as skins in the aircraft. It was used in the vertical fin box and leading edge in the F-16 air force aircraft. CFRP has a very different properties one of its property is a very low co-efficient of thermal expansion that’s way it can used in space air craft because space aircraft has been work in the galaxy and there the temperature is between -110c to90c. Then in the 1980 CFRP was taken as reinforcement to strong then concrete beams then they people use carbon fiber poly mer in reinforced process and got the CFRP. So that’s a short past about the carbon fiber reinforced polymer In the synthesis or in making of the structure of CFRP in this composite more than two materials can be use so in the first step one material can be take as a basic or supporting matrix and at that time the second material build a structure on that base and reinforced the the hall material . this process is a very complex and costly .this hall process can be work under the certain temperature and pressure . After this process an epoxy can be filled out on the base material and make a hard and strong material then after the material cooled out . the mixture can produce by fiber of the different material in the main matrix. This way we can produce the CFRP from the carbon fiber. Fig 1. CFRP bond view In the Fig 1 we can see the large view from the gap of the two layer and how to build the layer of the polymer. In the aircraft the part of the aircraft need a strong tensile strength and the need the material which can not react on the environmental condition. So CFRP satisfy all this condition so it can be easily used in the aircraft industries for making the wings, tail of the aircraft For aircraft most important is the properties of the material which is used in manufacturing of aircraft because if the material has not sufficient properties related to aircraft it can be fail in future . CFRP is a one type of composite material. So it has a mixture of the two material so, it has two different kind of properties of two different material. CFRP has two part one is matrix and another is reinforcement. Second part is fiber so they give a high strength and first one is polymer which give a rigidity.In that because of carbon fiber CFRP has a high modulus of elasticity. And also have a low density, high tensile strength and last one is most important which low chemical reaction which is most useful properties for aircraft material. Fiber has a many different type of composite material but CFRP is a special one because it has a many positive properti9esw and many advantage given composite material the start with it’s advantage CFRP is a very strong material but with the extremely light weight it has been used in internal part of aero plane and car’s structure. The good thing about the CFRP is it has a high strength, rigidity, resistanc3e and low corrosion. so that’s way it is use in various important structure component. There are in composite material other material also have a good properties but CFRP is manufacture in specific condition so because of that reason CFRP has a good properties then other composite material .especially in field of aviation and space lights. This reinforced polymer s are the incredible potential see on other benefits of this material is that it is a low thermal expansion so it cannot more contract orexpand in such a different thermal condition. CFRP is a less corrosion properties because when the material manufacture with the specific resins, carbon fiber is used ant this one is a most corrosion resistance material so it is a less corrosive. We see the different advantage of CFRP is durability, radiolucency, electrical conductivity and ultra-violate resistance. CF is transparent to radian and invisible in X- rays so CFRP is radiolucency. Every material has a benefits and a drawback. CFRP also have some disadvantages. This material is very costly and its structure is very complicated and complex. It is a creep, low flexibility and brittleness material. In its disadvantage one of the major is that in the manufacturing time if there some mistake happen or process run improperly themn the hall material is useless and we can not use that material any more. So in it’s production time have to very carefull and we need special skilled worker. CFRP’s uses are increase day by day because now a days people need a reliable and easy accessable products. CFRP is a l0ow weight and good properties so people used this composite material in different field . In aerospace industries there are highest use of this material In past first aircraft made by composite material in that almost half percent material is CFRP. Then the branded car rolls-royce also use this material in that cars and bow a days in automotive, civil that’s all engineering field increase the use of the CFRP. If we see the different field like a sports , music and kitchen thaqt’s goods are make from the CFRP. In in future in this world mostly products are make from the carbon fiber. Second, in medical field dentist use the machine for operation that’s all are made from carbon fiber. So, we see small part of machine to Hugh aircraft all where we use this material. Fig. 2 composite material used in aircraft Source:educare-zone.blogspot.com If we see from environment engineering site, the nature is give a high thinking and attention from today’s community. This is right for composite material as well. As we see ahead , that composite material is a light weight and high strength, that’s affect the environmental but it is low compare to real material like steel. Yes some time if we make a wrong composition for material that time its affect the nature .polymer is only affect by it’s pollution not other way. So, at last, CFRP is a good composite material if we use it perfectly References History of carbon fiber http://www.hj3.com/company/history-of-carbon-fiber/ Sarah Lynn Orton. Development of CFRP system UMI Ann Arbor, USA September 2007 Dr. Joseph Kuruvilla , â€Å"CFRP composite-preparation , properties and app† , Wiley-Vch verlag Co. , March 2012 http://www.studymode.com/essays/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Carbon-Fibre-1775287.html http://educare-zone.blogspot.com/2013/12/basic-workshop-technology-engineering.html Hinton M.J, â€Å" Failure Criteria in Fibre-Reinforced-Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise† journal , online published on 2004. 1

Analysis of William Butler Yeats Poems Essay examples -- William Yeat

Analysis of William Butler Yeats' Poems; When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming and Sailing to Byzantium In many poems, short stories, plays, television shows and novels an author usually deals with a main idea in each of their works. A main reason they do this is due to the fact that they either have a strong belief in that very idea or it somehow correlates to an important piece of their life overall. For example the author Thomas Hardy likes to deal with the idea of loss in many different ways within his poems some being positive and some being negative. William Butler Yeats has a main philosophical idea which he sticks to and portrays in his poems he believes once you die you come back as another life form this would be rather than a linear view on life a spherical view on life. Just as Thomas Hardy deals with loss in his poems William Butler Yeats likes to play with the idea of change and changelessness. A critic by the name of Richard Ellmann explains that Yeats' poetry deals with opposition of both â€Å"the world of change†, and a world of â€Å"changelessnessà ¢â‚¬ . The idea of change or changelessness is in fact included in each of Yeat’s poems; When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming and Sailing to Byzantium. To begin, When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats discusses the idea of change in life. In this poem Yeats is a bitter man angry about the way his woman would not marry him. He goes to say some harsh things in a lovey way and tends to get his point across. His poem begins by saying on page 1140 lines 1-2, â€Å"When you are old and gray and full of sleep, and nodding by the fire, take down this book,† Here Yeats disc... ...nge. Here Yates confuses by stating that he doesn’t want to change, but as a human change is always at hand even after death. In conclusion, Yeats enjoys the idea of change and changelessness within the world. Yates of course approaches the idea of change and changelessness differently in each of the poems. Some of the ways that the idea of change is used can be optimistic more like the poem of The Wild Swans at Coole and some are more pessimistic and quite an eye opener like the poem on The Second Coming or Sailing to Byzantium. Either way, the critic Richard Ellmann was correct in his statement discussed before. Works Cited When You Are Old by William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree by William Butler Yeats The Wild Swans At Coole by William Butler Yeats The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium by William Butler Yeats

Ethnocentrism :: essays research papers

Ethnocentrism #1a.> The difference between the way that the Thais deal with traffic accidents is very different from our own in the manner that when an accident occurs they compare the damage done to each vehicle and then the damage done to each person. To call the police is a big waste of time because many other riders do not have a license. After the problem had been taken care of you are not supposed to make any other contact with the other party. It almost seems like the debate between the groups that gathered was the way that the people could get rid of boredom. #1b.> Not going to jail and the passing of the day is the need that the Thais obtained. #2.> Three examples of Ethnocentrism: a) When the people from the street approached the injured men, the people seemed just as interested in the damage to the motorcycles as they were to the injuries to the persons riding the bikes. b) There was no direct contact between the parties that were in the accident, the people standing aroun d each of the men did the running between the men. The police were not called and there was no lawsuit or fight between the motorists. c) There is just as many people without licenses as there are people with licenses. #3.> Sometimes when we avoid ethnocentric behavior, and respect the other cultures, we lose a portion of our own culture. Our culture is supposed to be based on peace but, for example, with the rise of violence in schools it is necessary to keep all knives out of the classroom. The government let â€Å"ceremonial knives† enter the school. What really is the difference between a â€Å"ceremonial† and regular knives? They both cause bleeding when used and they both kill, isn’t this what we’re trying to stop? We are going to lose our culture in order to keep religion alive.

Computers and I :: Personal Narrative Writing

Computers and I Computers are linked to almost every aspect of life. I was shown computer technology back in my early grade school years. Teachers would shuffle a pack of twenty kids at a time into a confined room filled with the new computer technology. The only thing I remember using computers for all through elementary school was to play Oregon Trail, which was like an un-evolved Nintendo game. I didn’t understand why all the adults guarded and respected the computers as if precious materials when all I used them for was to play games. Little did I know that the computer would create an unavoidable effect on my life. As I grew older and wiser I began to understand the practical use of the computer technology. I began typing my reports instead of trying to write them really really neat in pen. The typing and printing technology turned out to work really well for school related purposes; it was much easier and quicker than writing in pen. Computers weren’t foolproof though and I figured that out in high school when I accidentally erased one of my lengthy reports. Luckily I had decided to write my first draft the old fashioned way: with a pencil. Despite the forethought typing a whole report over again was still time consuming and aggravating. There was no way around re-typing my report either; as computers became increasingly available teachers demanded typed papers. Computers had already made changes in the way I spent my time. An aspect of computer technology that I found most amazing was the Internet. In college I began to utilize the Internet for purposes of self-education. The Internet has helped me gather much reference material for my artwork as well as opening me up to the whole world of contemporary art that existed on the Internet. I was exposed to a countless number of artists of whose work I would have never been able to see without the use of Internet. Now when I have a general guestion about a subject I simply look it up on the Internet. I began to realize that the Internet opened up a new world for everyone with access to it. Eventually everyone was using computers and the Internet on a regular basis.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay

BODY PARAGRAPHS: I. Topic Sentence that supports the thesis: Making Marijuana legal will save the U.S. government and the average tax payer a lot of money.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Example: Billions of dollars are spent every year to arrest and lock up Marijuana users. Example: Taxpayers have to bear the cost for the expenses: food, housing, health care, attorney fees, court costs, and other expenses for these people. Example: In addition, if marijuana were legal, the government would be able to collect taxes on it, and would have a lot more money to pay for effective drug education programs and other important causes. Closing or Transitional Sentence: We would have more money to spend on more important problems if marijuana were legal. II. Topic Sentence that supports the thesis: Legalization of this drug would reduce drug-related crimes. Example: All illegal drugs are expensive because their production, transportation and sale are very risky. Example: People with drug addictions must often resort to theft and other crimes in order to generate the funds necessary to purchase these types of drugs. Example: Legalization would reduce the risks, the prices, and, therefore, the crimes. Example: In addition, crimes related to drug disputes would also be reduced once Marijuana becomes a legal drug. Closing or Transitional Sentence: Not only could the legalization of Marijuana save the lives of drug dealers and their clientele, but it could also save many terminally ill patients from suffering. III. Topic Sentence that supports the thesis: Marijuana can be used as a treatment for certain medical conditions. Example: Marijuana could be  used to treat terminally ill AIDS patients by stimulating their appetite so they can resist emaciation (drastic weight loss). Example: Smoking this drug will alleviate the severe nausea that is a common side effect of chemotherapy. Example: In addition, Marijuana has been known to ease the pain of severe migraine headaches. Closing or Transitional Sentence: Since it is evident that Marijuana could be a valuable drug in the fight against many terminal diseases, it should be legalized. CONCLUSION: Repeat the idea of your thesis: By lifting the ban on marijuana use and treating it like other drugs such as tobacco and alcohol, the nation would gain immediate and long-term benefits. Summarize/Reinforce the outline of the body: Marijuana, a common and easily produced wild plant, could be beneficial to many if legalized. Return to a general level of the subject: Prohibition does not work. Education and treatment are better to address the drug problem in this country.

Learning And Assessing Pupils Progress Education Essay

The appraisal of students ‘ advancement has been modified slightly since it was introduced by Black ‘s ( 1987 ) study with the National Curriculum Task Group on Assessment and Testing ; which was set up as portion of the readyings of what became the 1988 Education Reform Act. The act brought in the appraisal agreements for the terminal of the 4 cardinal phases, at the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16 severally. It was decided that merely the nucleus topics of the national course of study should be assessed at the first cardinal phase and ‘at subsequent key phases it should be in all the foundation topics ( the nucleus subjects plus art, geographics, history, music, physical instruction, engineering, a modern foreign linguistic communication at the last two phases, and Welsh in non-Welsh speech production schools in Wales ) p.40. Kyriacou ( 2007 ) provinces, the debut of the National Curriculum in 1989 were coupled with associated processs for supervising students ‘ ad vancement affecting the usage of centrally produced trials. These trials so gave an indicant of both students ‘ public presentation and that of the schools nationally. The course of study was so looked at once more in 1993 by the School Curriculum and Assessment Authority ‘s president Sir Ron Dearing, who was asked to ‘†¦review the course of study with a position to ‘slimming down ‘ the course of study, simplifying its appraisal arrangements†¦ ‘ p.45 The 1997 Education Act saw the School Curriculum and Assessment Authority replaced by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority ( QCA ) which is still in topographic point today. The appraisal of larning at the terminal of KS 1,2 and 3 is now a combination of instructor appraisals and terminal of cardinal phase standardized national trials, SATs, although in 2009 the terminal of KS3 trials were abolished ; and scientific discipline at KS2 is merely to being used in some pilot schools for 2010. In 2005 the Labour Government ‘s Schools White Paper committed support for every kid in giving them personalised instruction and acquisition ; by seting kids and their demands foremost, giving support to do good advancement and go forthing no kid left behind in their instruction. This study will look at the modern-day issues of Assessment for Learning ( AfL ) and its new spouse ; Assessing Pupils ‘ Progress ( APP ) and their usage within the constitution ( primary school ) and how or whether it has impacted on the manner appraisal is carried out across the board.Why Assess?Appraisal is highly of import as it shows how students are come oning and carried out with thorough processs can be of important value to instructors and the students they teach. It checks that larning has taken topographic point. There are many different methods of appraisals these include ; treatments, questionnaires, tests, presentations, function drama, observations, written work, practical work and inquiring. Using appraisals can assist instructors and scholars reflect on their pattern and how their scholars are larning. Assessment helps instructors make up one's mind how they teach, utilizing different learning methods to guarantee that all scholars are proactive. Cowley ( 2004 ) stated that good appraisal would assist the instructor proctor the scholars ‘ advancement and program for future instruction and acquisition. Assessment encourages scholars ‘ motive and they can have feedback ( both instructor and equal ) on their advancement. Teachers ‘ can utilize a scope of assessment methods to look into students ‘ advancement. Obviously appraisal does non come easy, instructors ‘ work load can be increased greatly ; both when transporting out the appraisals and so holding to tag them. There can be unneeded force per unit area put on to the scholars ‘ , and sometimes when measuring a scholar it depends how they are experiencing at the point of appraisal on how good they do. In 2006 the new Primary National Strategy for literacy and mathematics gave two chief intents of appraisal, summational appraisal of acquisition and formative appraisal for acquisition ; which the new model aimed to cover. This scheme gave instructors counsel on facets of appraisal for larning which was linked straight with counsel on planning and gave a broader and stronger pedagogic attack.Appraisal for Learning ( AfL ) SchemeHarmonizing to the Assessment Reform Group ( 2002 ) , ‘Assessment for acquisition is the procedure of seeking and construing grounds for usage by scholars and their instructors to make up one's mind where the scholars are in their acquisition, where they need to travel and how best to acquire at that place ‘ . AfL has been used for a figure of old ages and has given instructors ‘ ways in which themselves and students can utilize assessment activities to derive a clearer apprehension of the acquisition that has taken topographic point to day o f the month and how students ‘ hereafter acquisition can outdo advancement ( Gardner, 2006 ) . AfL is closely linked to the authorities ‘s Every Child Matters ( 2004 ) where every kid should be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, do a positive part and accomplish societal and economical wellbeing ; and personalised acquisition, both ethos ‘ have featured to a great extent within a scope of DCSF policies throughout the last decennary. The purposes of the AfL scheme are clear ; they should embrace every kid, instructor, school and parent/carer so that every kid knows how they are making. Every instructor is able to do judgements on students ‘ attainment, advancement and how to send on program when students are non carry throughing their possible. Every school should hold good placed structured and regular appraisals and tracking schemes in topographic point and every parent and carer should cognize how their kid is come oning and when they need to better ; they can assist back up their kid and the instructor. The benefits of AfL is its powerful manner of raising students ‘ accomplishment, if students ‘ understand how they learn, where they have spreads in their acquisition and how they can shut these spreads so it will hold a positive consequence on every kid. Harmonizing to the authorities, good appraisal for larning makes: accurate, carnival, dependable, utile, and focused continuity enabling schools to guarantee acquisition is taking topographic point. Therefore instructors, schools and parents and carers all need to cognize where their kids are now, where they need to be and what they are required to make to acquire at that place. The four elements for AfL so are aims, oppugning, unwritten and written feedback and ego and peer appraisal. The aims are met by utilizing oppugning in order to look into scholars ‘ have achieved aims, equal and self appraisal helps scholars to recognize what successful work looks like and the instructor shows good unwritten feedback so that scholars ‘ develop their ain accomplishments in this country, giving them clip to reflect on their acquisition and taking ownership of their work.Measuring Pupils Progress – What is APP?Measuring Pupils Progress, otherwise known as APP was originally piloted by 104 schools in 12 local governments utilizing, ab initio, Key Stage 2, as a new structured attack to teacher appraisal for doing judgements on students reading, composing and mathematics. Developed by the QCA in concurrence with the National Strategies, get downing in fall 2006 with recommendations reported in 2008/09. It has since been adopted as the manner to officially measure students within schools throughout the state, to assist instructors measure their students as more of a forensic attack, to run aboard Assessment for larning ( AfL ) . Harmonizing to the QCA it helps instructors to polish their apprehension of scholars ‘ demands and to orient their planning and learning consequently. The QCA has provided APP stuffs for instructors to implement the attack and with these guidelines instructors are able to set up where students are within the National Curriculum degrees. Hence one Year 5 instructor stated, ‘APP has helped me to go more cognizant of the appraisal opportunities that exist and more secure in measuring students ‘ degrees of attainment ‘ . When APP was introduced there were steps given to schools to assist implement the system and possible early theoretical accounts were advised demoing the benefits and more significantly their restrictions of usage. For illustration, one option was to place a whole school sample, for case all pupils antecedently assessed at a peculiar degree, the benefits of this would be a clear focal point, ab initio little graduated table and hence manageable, nevertheless this would non be implemented with a whole category and other degrees may non be covered. The affectional usage of APP was besides shown to supply information for tracking students ‘ advancement in item, placing barriers to achievement and to guarantee outlooks were linked to the national schemes. The APP stuffs for instructors to utilize include a enchiridion to assist implement the attack, give guidelines for measuring students ‘ work, supplying a simple format for entering the appraisal standards and focal points for appraisal within the specific topic. There are besides standard files which hold students ‘ work, which have been annotated, so that instructors become consistent in their judgements sing national course of study degrees, these files show different degrees of attainment. Assessment Focus ( AF ) grids are provided to demo how focal points are used, for illustration in reading appraisal AF3 shows that the student should be able to ‘deduce, deduce or construe information, events or thoughts from texts ‘ . In utilizing APP it was hoped that instructors ‘ would go more informed on how their scholars ‘ are come oning and that they would hold a aggregation of appraisal accomplishments in order to do good judgements in the schoolroom. Harmonizing to the AfL and APP clip line instructors in KS2 should be get downing to utilize the APP procedure so they can do periodic appraisals of all kids by fall 2009. The clip line for the execution of APP started in summer 2008 when school and capable leading were expected to make a ego – rating of AfL and APP in preparedness of its execution and to see what degree of support was required. This so moved to them having preparation in the usage of APP by fall 2008 and to hold developed the procedure of standardization in school with a average term go oning professional development ( CPD ) program to guarantee that whole school development of AfL and APP where in topographic point and that instructors would get down to utilize the APP stuffs. By spring 2009, instructors in KS2 should get down utilizing the APP procedure and others were doing effectual usage of the Primary Framework and assessment information to better their planning for patterned advance ; in fall 2009 it was expected that KS2 instructors were utilizing the APP procedure to do periodic appraisals for all kids. APP appraisals were more likely to hold truth when a scope of grounds is collected by instructors from each kid that has been chosen, both written and unwritten grounds would profit the procedure and periodic reappraisal of their work should be collected and merely those with important grounds demand be used.The usage and impact of AfL and APP within the sceneAfL has been used since it was foremost introduced and the school has now taken the APP attack on board since the fall term 2009 as a new attack to measuring. The schools appraisal policy is undergoing alteration at the present clip so as to integrate the new appraisal schemes. Derbyshire County Council provided of import support preparation for caput instructors in 2008 demoing a power point presentation which included doing links within AfL and APP, demoing APP in action within numeracy and literacy and stoping with a reappraisal and appropriate action planning. This session provided counsel and advice about implementing APP and to back up an apprehension of APP. At this point the APP scheme was extremely recommended but non statutory. The preparation included the advancement docket of APP, demoing the patterned advance marks as 2 degrees advancement, the doing good advancement pilot strategy, AfL utilizing APP standards, patterned advance tutoring and individual degree proving. It besides applied the beef uping for formative appraisal, concentrating on each scholar ‘s acquisition, accelerated rates of accomplishment ( concentrating particularly on those at hazard of underperforming ) and assisting to clear up the acquisition journey. The National Strategies model informations where shown to assist with thoughts of how to bring forth a criterions file. An first-class illustration for Ma2 Number at degrees 3 and 4 showed how the usage of different coloring material highlighters for each term were used demoing when a specific degree was low, secure or high and annotated in the countries where it was felt there was either more work to be done or how far they were away achieving the degree. In the school it has enhanced instructors ‘ apprehension of inquiring whether the larning aims they ask of the kids are relevant to them, do they understand what they are supposed to accomplish by the terminal of the lesson and is it in kid friendly linguistic communication? There has to be meaningful duologue between the instructor and scholar with respect to the larning nonsubjective otherwise the scholar will withdraw and non be able to come on with what they are supposed to larn, this has been monitored throughout the scene. The appraisal focuses that were discussed were reading, composing, utilizing and using, figure, form, infinite and steps ; and managing informations. The National Strategies AF grid was introduced and this lead to the school bring forthing accessible degrees for reading, composing and numeracy from degree 1to degree 5, so instructors could mention to each with a position to associating the degrees and appraisal demands as applicable. The APP procedure started in earnest in fall 2009 ; when samples of scholars ( 6 ) were chosen from each twelvemonth group. Each term instructors review the full scope of grounds ( written, spoken and observed ) for each appraisal focal point. They select the appropriate degree boundary and arrive at judgements utilizing the assessment guidelines sheet ; they annotate illustrations of scholars work as mention points and benchmarks. After making this in-school standardization and moderateness is carried out with co-workers. The deductions of APP within the school have helped with the professional development of instructors ; it has had an impact on capable cognition, the course of study and teaching method, it has given instructors the ability to feedback to scholars and their parents/carers so that they can see where they have progressed or how they need to come on farther. It has helped instructors to do good judgements sing their scholars and how to guarantee that they progress wit hin the course of study overall, it has helped them to distinguish scholars ‘ advancement so they can orient lessons suitably. APP has enabled better monitoring of schoolroom activities and prep in twelvemonth 6 ; as the scholars are asked to measure whether they have understood the lesson at the terminal by doing a remark in their exercising books, the instructor can so measure whether the scholar feels they have made advancement, if non the work is gone through once more, if necessary with a one to one or in little groups. With prep the scholar is asked to work unaided and if they have trouble with any oppugning so they should go forth it clean and it will be covered once more when the whole category grade their prep together. This enables equal to peer appraisal and encourages positive feedback whether jobs arise or non. The usage of an rating trigon helps scholars ‘ ego evaluate and is besides used as a equal rating tool every bit good, this is used in composing where there are 5 ratings: is it easy to read and put out in paragraphs, is the script joined and legible, is at that place good usage of vocabulary and conjunctions, is it easy to understand and does it flux, eventually is it finished. The scholar so decides whether they need one side of the trigon ( no ) , two sides ( largely ) or three sides ( everything done ) , this is both a ocular and kinesthetic attack to measuring their work. Most of the instructors have been utilizing the APP attack for measuring scholars since fall 2009 ; but they all have different positions, some find it easier to integrate within their instruction manners ; others have found that they have had to accommodate the manner in which they teach in order to suit the APP scheme in. However, most instructors feel they have become more expert at judging where their scholars are and how they can assist them better their advancement in line with the Primary National Strategy ; particularly as they are larning to make this together instead than on their ain, collaborative moderateness helps tremendously. As portion of the execution of APP, Derbyshire County Council have asked the school for information on reexamining the leading and direction of alteration ( APP focal point ) and reexamining acquisition and instruction in lessons ( AfL focal point ) for both students and instructors. This information is set out in four columns with the undermentioned headers ; concentrating, developing, set uping and heightening, the caput instructor and the helper caput established the statements that the school, students and instructors were secure in and highlighted them suitably and punctually returned them. Some of these included: Most teaching staff ( including learning helpers ) understand the APP procedure, i.e. how it fits in with planning and mundane instruction and its possible to track kids ‘s advancement identify specific countries of underachievement and inform targeted intercession. Parents and carers are informed as to students ‘ advancement. Students are confident to take hazards by sharing partly formed thought or constructively ambitious others Pupils value talk for acquisition and consciously utilize it to progress their thought Lessons are planned to larning aims with some relevant undertakings and success standards as appropriate There are chances for structured whole-class, and supported group/paired treatment One of the KS1 instructors ‘ had already been utilizing APP in their old school and has been able to utilize APP without vacillation and has incorporated this for all of their category. This shows that as Sue Hackman ( 2009 ) , Chief Adviser on School Standards, points out APP is a straightforward attack to doing unafraid judgements about the criterion of students ‘ work and what they need to make next. Hackman ( 2009 ) besides states in the Making Good Progress, a Teachers Television programme that the authorities is acquiring what they want if all the schools kids are doing good advancement. By utilizing APP she besides thinks that it is the trademark of schools that make good advancement. The school has been able to give parent and carers priceless advice sing their kids ‘s advancement and parents and carers, in return have been able to give their kids support with any topics they possibly falling behind with. Termly information cusps are sent out to each kid by their instructors saying what their category will be larning in that peculiar term, this enables the parents and carers to hold an informed penetration into the specific undertakings that their kids are prosecuting with at any specific clip within the school twelvemonth. In the twelvemonth six category APP is an effectual support for the passage and transportation to secondary school and this is shared with parents and carers at their kid ‘s parents flushing, giving the marks set by the students themselves to assist them travel frontward to their chosen secondary schools, with which there is a close affair to guarantee they are good informed about what recent advancement they have made and the following stairss they are expected to do to travel frontward in their acquisition. This helps the continuity of the scholars ‘ patterned advance and to go on the high degrees of outlook both from the scholar and their parents and carers. Care needs to be taken when utilizing APP with kids from underachieving groups such as English as an extra linguistic communication ( EAL ) as the profiles of these scholars are more likely to be uneven and hence the scope of grounds should be much wider in order to do a periodic appraisal.Evaluation and DecisionAPP is in its babyhood within the school ; nevertheless those instructors who have been utilizing it as a method of appraisal have done so with an unfastened head. Most of the appraisal methods were in topographic point within AfL and the individualized acquisition ethos of the school was in topographic point already, so therefore it should non be excessively hard for the remainder of the staff to set about the APP attack. Equally long as all staff including instruction helpers are included in the preparation for this inspiring manner of measuring students ‘ advancement so there should be a smooth passage for the following measure when external moderateness takes topographic point. The biggest advantage of APP is it uses the national schemes which are already in topographic point, the pilot schools have trialled the attacks with success and found that APP is all that is required to do good appraisal judgements, as one KS 2 instructor provinces ; ‘Do n't give up – one time you are used to the procedure the benefits for teaching method and pattern are clear ‘ . AfL and APP are inextricably linked to personalised larning whereby a instructor has a secure cognition of each scholars ‘ advancement and therefore can accurately orient their instruction methods to each scholar and their single demands, this is go oning in the school where the acquisition procedure is being monitored by the APP appraisals of the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours learning. Therefore it has to be said that it is beef uping the periodic facet of appraisal and so the scholars ‘ receive formal acknowledgment of their accomplishments within the category and as a whole school when certifications and virtues are given out in assemblies. The effects of appraisal in general have to be ; that appraisal is an highly of import portion of instruction and acquisition. It can be carried out informally and officially utilizing a assortment of methods but depends on the type of scholar. The informations it produces is used for rating of instruction and acquisition and all members of staff should hold the appropriate preparation and apprehension of how the information is used and their functions and duties in instruction and measuring their scholars. Students so should be able to cognize their learning aims and what their success standards looks like, they are able to take ownership of their acquisition and can besides assist their equals to win. Parents and carers must be kept informed by appraising studies and parents eventides which provide them with the information about their kid ‘s advancement and the following stairss they need to take whether into the following category or even the following school. The kernel of appraisal so is that it is an built-in portion of readying, planning and learning with a good measured measure of enthusiasm, so everyone knows where they are, where they need to be and how they are traveling to acquire at that place.

Capstone Case Study †Arthur Andersen LLP Essay

1. Discuss the environmental, strategic and organizational changes that occurred over the life of Andersen in the context of figure 11.1. While Andersen started off as a stable environment, once changes started being made to the main focus of the company many changes were expedited. While still successful in it’s auditing business, other opportunities arose that allowed for quicker and more dynamic revenue growth. This strategic shift from auditing only to offering a number of other services (automated bookkeeping, information technologies, consulting, corporate staffing) eventually led to a rift within the company, the separation of operations into two companies under one umbrella, and the eventually severance of those two companies into two wholly separate corporate entities. Once the two companies (Andersen Consulting and Arthur Anderson) split, Arthur Andersen, which was originally the auditing only arm, but had dipped back into the consulting business even though it should not have per it’s agreement with AC, went full force into offering the full range of services. In the quest for the biggest sale and to drive non-audit revenue, managers were compensated based on sales targets instead of performance or quality of work. This lack of quality control and change in the focus of the business was the beginning of the downward projection of AA. The fact that there were changes in all three areas, environmental, strategic and organizational, made it difficult for there to be tight control at AA and almost made it acceptable to make questionable decisions as long as the clients got what they wanted and revenues continued to come in. 2. Evaluate Andersen’s claim that their problems on the Enron audit were due to a few â€Å"bad partners† in the organization. If you agree with this claim, discuss what you think were the root causes of the problem. It was AA’s decision to hire 40 auditors from Enron, then augmented by 150 of  their own staff, and place them within Enron as it’s in house accounting staff. Since the staff was on site at Enron, attended Enron meetings, and made decisions in the best interest of Enron and not with the idea of doing quality work, it is hard to put stock in AA’s claim that it was only a few â€Å"bad partners†. Also, AA made the decision to break up it’s own Professional Standards Group and re-locate members of that group to local offices. Once that happen though, their power was usurped and held no water. If they questioned decisions, they were removed. It is up to the company to make decisions that not only help generate business, but protect the company and it’s employees from any questionable situations or circumstances where unethical scenarios might play out. 3. Suppose you were Andersen’s managing partner in the early 1990’s. Would you have done anything differently than the actual management (assuming you knew only what they did at the time)? There are a couple of things that I could have done had I been the managing partner for Andersen in the 1990’s. I think the separation of the consulting business and the accounting business into two companies was actually a good move. The fact that AA eventually started to offer and go after non-auditing services business with clients was where a mistake was made in my opinion. If I were a partner at AA I would have strictly enforced the agreement that we would be sticking with auditing business only. While offering a lower margin than the consulting business, it was a solid foundation and allowed more oversight, tight controls and decreased the likelihood that questionable decisions would be made. I also would have kept the Professional Standards Group in tact to oversee and review all aspects of the operation. Splitting up the group and assigning individual members to local offices basically neutered their power and allowed for those looking to manipulate the system to do so. 4. Discuss the relation between what happened at Andersen and multitask principal agent theory. With the Multi-Task Agent Theory, certain tasks are rewarded and other tasks  are not, and because of this the non-rewarded tasks suffer from neglect of a decrease in quality. The first time this was an issue is was before the split into two companies, where those driving the consulting and IT business were unhappy with the fact that the auditing side had so much power over the company even though it was not the segment driving the revenue. After the eventual split into AC and AA under one umbrella, and then the total split into two separate corporations, with Andersen bringing in business other than auditing was rewarded more than auditing business, to the point that it was expect that managing partners brought in twice as much consulting and other business as it did auditing business, otherwise face penalties or even termination. In all three stages of the company’s history the inequality between the consulting business and the auditing business led to there being a de-emphasis on the auditing segment of the business (both in quality and as a driver of revenue). 5. Discuss the relation between the â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† elements of a firm’s corporate culture in the context of this case. In the case of Andersen, it almost seems as if the changes in the â€Å"soft† elements of corporate culture were either directly related to or a side effect of change in the â€Å"hard† aspects of the corporate culture. As stated in the case study, during the majority of the company’s existence, â€Å"tradition was everywhere†. From â€Å"soft† elements like the physical design of offices and the way partners dressed and looked to hard elements like the quality control exerted over all aspects of the business, there were standard all across the board. As changes started to happen in the â€Å"hard† culture, like the focus being on driving revenue as opposed to putting out quality work, changes were also seen in the soft aspects of the culture. Managing partners did not dress as sharp, the giants wooden doors of the offices (that seemed to be a metaphor for the strong, sturdy operation of the company) were removed, and a new corporate logo was introduced. 6. Do you think that the problems at Andersen were unique to them or did they exist at the other big accounting firms? Suppose you were the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at that time of Andersen’s demise. What action, if any, would you take in response? Explain. As shown when Andersen themselves called into question the practices of one of it’s competitors (calling for an investigation), these issues at Andersen are not unique to their company (though it may not happen on as grand of a scale). If I was the top partner at one of the other major accounting firms at the time of Andersen’s demise, I would have immediately either called for an internal investigation of my firm’s practices or volunteered to have my company’s practices reviewed by the SEC or another appropriate authority. I would be open with what was found, make any necessary changes to organizational structure or practices, and move forward. I think this would be important because at the time of Andersen’s demise, it is likely the credibility of ALL accounting firms was hurt, and I would want there is to be proof that our company was doing things the right way. 7. In 2000, the SEC proposed new regulations that would limit consulting work by accounting firms. This proposal was not passed by congress. Do you think the legislators were trying to act in the public interest when they failed to pass this proposal? Explain. Legislators were not acting in the public’s best interests; they were bowing to pressure from the auditing industry lobbyists. Steve Samek, who spearheaded operations that already lead lawsuits, payouts, bankruptcies and fines, led the charge to oppose the proposal. At that point it should have been obvious that the right call was passing the proposal. The fact that different legislation related to the oversight of accounting firms was eventually passed later on in 2002 (the SOA) shows that oversight was necessary, but just needed a spectacular failure like Andersen/Enron to allow legislators to feel comfortable in taking a stand. 8. The American Institute of CPAs is the primary professional association for CPAs. It has developed a Code of Professional Conduct that sets the  standards of conduct for CPAs. People can file complaints about the ethical conduct of a CPA with the AICPA, which can levy sanctions and other penalties against its members. Do you think that the unethical conduct at Andersen (and possibly other accounting firms) was the fault of the AICPA for not setting and enforcing higher ethical standard among its members? Explain. While I think the AICPA has a place in setting standards and ethics in the industry, and has the right to levy sanctions and penalties against it’s members (based on complaints that are filed), they are not a regulatory agency and their reach only extends so far. In reality, being a member organization, if a corporation does not want to deal with or answer to the AICPA, they and choose not to be a member. It may hurt their reputation, but in the long run the work they do and the clients they have will have a much greater effect of their business than whether or not they are a member of the AICPA. While it is nice to have organizations like the AICPA and the SEC overlooking the practices of corporations in the industry, it is hard to transfer fault for the unethical behavior of a company away from the company that behaved that was to some member organization or regulatory agency. It is the organization or agency’s place to set guidelines and respond when corporations do not follow them. 9. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 established a new five-person board to oversee financial accounting in publicly traded corporations. The board is appointed by the SEC. Prior to the creation of this board the industry relied primarily on self-regulation through the AICPA. Do you think the establishment of the new oversight board was a good idea or should he profession have continued to be self-regulated? I think in practice, a combination of both works. The industry need to show that it is interested itself in keeping it’s practices on the level and being transparent. But at the end of the day, you will always find someone who likes to work outside the system. In these cases having the SEC oversight board is a critical tool to keep companies in line that may think they can work the system. Also, having SEC oversight can result in much  stiffer penalties for the organization, so it carries and extra layer of deterrent for companies who may think about making questionable decisions. Andersen themselves, in the form of managing partner Leonard Spacek, saw the power of SEC intervention early on (1947).

Lifestyle Choices and Our Health

As days go by, almost everyone living today gets involved in activities that make us either healthy or unhealthy. Continuing to engage in some habits day in and day out can take a substantial amount of time off of one’s life. Some of these habits can have a positive impact on one’s health system, being it physical or mental, while others can affect one’s health system negatively. In this paper, I will be writing on how our daily habits can affect our mental and physical health negatively. First of all, mechanization and heavy dependence on technology is one of the common ways, probably for all humans, which has a negative effect on the human health system. We rarely give a second thought when we turn on a microwave or turn on the television as we sit down for dinner. These common practices are commonly seen in most families. If I may ask, is it a good practice? I asked one of my instructors at school who made it clear to me that, these families don’t just consume electricity, but also have many adverse effects on their physical and mental health. If you find yourself eating and watching television at the same time, the rate at which you consume is greater which at some point in time becomes very difficult to go to bed at night. And as many of us know, improper sleeping habits cause results in many of our health problems. Secondly, failure to exercise is also another problem many of us face today. Physical activities are absolutely necessary to our overall health. And because our physical and mental health is so interconnected, they affect one another directly. When our physical health deteriorates, our mental health does the same. Our mood and our brain’s mental capabilities are therefore affected by lack of exercise. Regular exercising which helps to maintain and build muscles, and also fight against diseases is very necessary for every human and should be practiced continuously. Thirdly, smoking has also been known to be one of the dangers which affect the human health negatively. Very few people are unaware of the dangers of smoking. Yet surprisingly, many are engaged in this deadly habit. Infertility, low birth weight, sudden infant birth and many more, are some examples of the negative effects that one is likely to contact if he or she has a habit of smoking. Those who quit smoking see changes almost immediately and it also helps them live longer. In conclusion, many of our daily activities can cause our death prematurely. Many of those who don’t die prematurely have a very bad health system which makes them almost uncomfortable every day. I therefore advise everyone to get involved in activities that help to improve one’s physical and mental abilities positively.

Environmental Scan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Scan - Research Paper Example While the internal business environment refers to the factors affecting the business from within, the global environment describes factors in the business external or macro environment (Holman 23). The business macro environment describes factors like competition, clients, industries, market, companies and even clients. In the light of these, business environmental scanning in business can be described as the study and prospective intepretation of the factors influencing business performance. Some of these factors include economic, technological, social and political, including the trends that power businesses, industries and markets in entirety. At Coinstar Company, the process of environmental scanning should include such factors as emerging issues, trends as well as expectations of the various interest parties in the business. Issues, as featured in environmental scanning, often refers to the forerunners of particular business trend breakers. Business environment analysis enables businesses categorize different factors as threats or opportunities, thereby devising strategies that enable them navigate the journey in their environment. The following are examples of elements that can be opportunities or threats to at Coinstar, depedning on how the company appraoches it Social trends: Social trends in business refers to activities that are participated in by the business in the course of its operations. These trends include marketing, supply chain management and cultural aspects. Social trends can be business opportunities depending on how the business reacts to it (Diven and Mark 57). For instance, when a business decides to change its marketing patterns and supply chains to feature various innovations and technological advancements, the development can be an opportunity to the business Technological developments: Technology is a significant factor in modern business, in the face of globalization and increasing

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Art - Essay Example rongly cultivated with a goal of achieving self-realization by discovering new knowledge and technologies through the awakening of curiosity and doubt (Renaissance Humanism, n.d.). According to Pico della Mirandola, the most marvelous creature created by God would be man because of his ability to reach the highest intellectual capacity and the capability to intercede between the heavenly beings and earthly creations (Pico della Mirandola-Oration on the Dignity of Man, n.d.). According to Castiglione, a Renaissance Men should be well-educated, cultured, a gentleman, and at the same time have the prowess in the arts and sciences. On the other hand, Renaissance Women are expected to be loyal and submissive to their husbands, rear a child, and manage a household (Renaissance Lady, n.d.). Leonardo da Vinci is considered the first Renaissance painter. He is an Italian painter, sculptor, mathematician, architect and musician. He developed the technique of using light to combine the elements of shape, stability, and permanence in his paintings to achieve balance and a three dimensional look on his work of art (Renaissance Art,